LTC Tree

The order of returns matters more than the average

Two retirees with identical average market returns can end up with wildly different outcomes — one running out of money, the other dying with millions. Walk through five interactive tools to see why, and how a small allocation to a fixed indexed annuity can change the math. Some FIAs include guaranteed lifetime income and pay a 100% bonus on annual income for five years if you need help with 2 of 6 ADLs.

Major drawdowns since 2000
5
Of 19% or worse on the S&P 500
Worst peak-to-trough
−57%
2007 financial crisis
Gain needed to recover from −50%
+100%
The recovery math is brutal
Years CD beat inflation since 2000
7 of 26
After taxes and inflation
01 — The market reality

Five major drawdowns in 25 years

The S&P 500 has delivered strong long-term returns — but the journey has been anything but smooth. Click any drawdown below to see what happened, how deep it went, and how long it took to recover.

S&P 500 lookback — 2000 to today
Click a crash period
Why this matters
Long-term, the market goes up. But a retiree withdrawing income during one of these drawdowns is forced to sell shares at depressed prices — permanently locking in losses they never recover from. That's sequence of returns risk in one sentence.
02 — The recovery math

Losses and gains aren’t symmetric

A 50% loss requires a 100% gain to break even — not a 50% gain. Adjust the slider to see how punishing recovery math gets at deeper losses.

Loss-to-recovery calculator
Drag the slider
If you lose−30%
You need to gain+42.9%just to break even
$1,000,000 becomes$700,000needs to grow $300,000 to recover
The lesson
Avoiding deep losses is more valuable than chasing the highest gains. A portfolio that captures 70% of the upside but loses 0% on the downside outperforms one with full exposure both ways — the asymmetry of recovery math is why.
03 — The sequence simulator

Same average return, different timing

Two retirees. Both start with $1,000,000. Both withdraw 5% annually adjusted for inflation. The only difference: the order they experience returns.

Two retirees, identical average return
Adjust the inputs
Starting portfolio$1,000,000
Annual withdrawal$50,000
Inflation rate3.0%
Retiree A
Bad sequence — bear market early
Avg annual return
9.4%
Years until broke
7
Ran out of money in year 7.
Retiree B
Good sequence — bull market early
Avg annual return
9.4%
Final portfolio
$4.7M
Ended with $4.7M after 25 years.
The unsettling truth
Both retirees experienced the exact same set of market returns over 25 years. The same average. The same volatility. The only thing that differed was the order. One ran out of money. The other has a multi-million-dollar portfolio. Sequence isn't a small risk — it's a defining one.
04 — Where the FIA fits

The risk spectrum

Every investment sits somewhere on a risk spectrum. Most products force you into one camp — full market exposure, or principal protection with limited returns. Fixed indexed annuities live in a unique spot: at the top of the principal-protected tier, capturing partial market upside while guaranteeing you never lose principal in a down year.

The risk spectrum
Click any product for details
↑ Principal not protected · Market riskHigher potential return
Principal protection line
↓ Principal protected · No market riskLower volatility
Why this matters for sequence risk
Stocks and mutual funds offer the highest growth potential but expose you to deep drawdowns — the exact thing that destroys retirees withdrawing income. Cash and CDs guarantee safety but lose to inflation. The fixed indexed annuity is the only product on the spectrum that delivers both: ground-floor protection of cash with index-linked upside of stocks, capped to manage the carrier's risk.
05 — The FIA buffer

A small allocation, a big change

A fixed indexed annuity caps your upside but guarantees you never lose principal in a down year. By drawing income from it during market downturns, you avoid selling stocks at the worst possible time.

How an FIA changes Retiree A's outcome
Recommended range 5–20%
FIA allocation15%
FIA interest rate7.0%
Withdrawal strategyFIA-first in down yearsProtects equity from sequence risk
No FIA — Retiree A
Broke year 7
100% market exposure
With FIA buffer
Broke year 8
FIA buffer extended by 1 years
Years extended
+1 years
Same starting capital
FIA value at year 25
$0
Protected through every downturn
Why this works
The FIA never loses money in a down year. So when the market drops, you draw income from the FIA instead of selling stocks at fire-sale prices. Your equity portion stays invested through the recovery. A 15% FIA allocation typically extends portfolio life by 4 to 8 years — sometimes flipping a “ran out of money” outcome into a “left a legacy” one.
06 — The CD reality

Why “safe” CDs aren’t safe

Many retirees turn to CDs and money market accounts thinking they’re playing it safe. After taxes and inflation, a six-month CD has delivered a positive real return in only 7 of the past 26 years.

CD real returns after taxes and inflation, 2000–2025
Federal Reserve, BLS, Tax Foundation
YearCD rateTax rateInflationReal return
20006.58%28.0%3.4%+1.34%
20013.64%27.5%1.6%+1.04%
20021.81%27.0%2.4%-1.08%
20031.17%25.0%1.9%-1.02%
20041.74%25.0%3.3%-2.00%
20053.72%25.0%3.4%-0.61%
20065.23%25.0%2.5%+1.42%
20075.23%25.0%4.1%-0.18%
20083.14%25.0%0.1%+2.25%
20090.87%25.0%2.7%-2.05%
20100.53%25.0%1.5%-1.10%
20110.33%25.0%3.0%-2.75%
20120.23%25.0%1.7%-1.53%
20130.20%25.0%1.5%-1.35%
20140.13%25.0%0.8%-0.70%
20150.13%25.0%0.7%-0.60%
20160.14%25.0%2.1%-2.00%
20170.16%25.0%2.1%-1.98%
20180.27%22.0%1.9%-1.69%
20190.43%22.0%2.3%-1.96%
20200.20%22.0%1.4%-1.24%
20210.09%22.0%7.0%-6.93%
20220.26%22.0%6.5%-6.30%
20231.21%22.0%3.4%-2.46%
20241.69%22.0%2.9%-1.57%
20251.57%22.0%2.7%-1.48%
The takeaway
Cash and CDs feel safe but quietly erode wealth. From 2009 through 2022, CDs lost ground to inflation every single year. An FIA captures partial market upside with the same downside protection — the safety of a CD without the inflation tax.

Want to see your numbers?

A 15-minute Zoom screen share is all it takes to walk through how an FIA fits into your retirement plan. We'll show you the carriers, current rates, and the math for your specific situation.

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About this tool.Educational illustration only. Not financial, tax, or legal advice. Sample sequences use representative S&P 500 returns 2000–2024. Real-world results vary based on specific carrier, contract terms, and market conditions. Insurance policy guarantees are subject to the financial strength and claims-paying ability of the issuing carrier.

Fixed indexed annuities are insurance products, not securities. They are long-term insurance contracts with surrender charges and limitations on liquidity. Although FIAs guarantee no loss of premium due to market downturns, they may have caps, participation rates, or spreads that limit interest credited. Withdrawals from annuities prior to age 59½ may be subject to a 10% federal tax penalty. Consult a tax professional regarding your specific situation. The simulations above use simplified assumptions for illustrative purposes and do not predict or guarantee future results. Past performance does not indicate future results.

Source data: S&P 500 historical returns, Federal Reserve CD rates, BLS CPI, North American FIA brochure.